#define LOG_PREFIX	"cg: "
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <ftw.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include "list.h"
#include "xmalloc.h"
#include "cgroup.h"
#include "cgroup-props.h"
#include "cr_options.h"
#include "pstree.h"
#include "proc_parse.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "imgset.h"
#include "util-pie.h"
#include "namespaces.h"
#include "seize.h"
#include "syscall-types.h"
#include "parasite.h"
#include "protobuf.h"
#include "images/core.pb-c.h"
#include "images/cgroup.pb-c.h"

/*
 * This structure describes set of controller groups
 * a task lives in. The cg_ctl entries are stored in
 * the @ctls list sorted by the .name field and then
 * by the .path field.
 */

struct cg_set {
	u32			id;
	struct list_head	l;
	unsigned int 		n_ctls;
	struct list_head	ctls;
};

static LIST_HEAD(cg_sets);
static unsigned int n_sets;
static CgSetEntry **rst_sets;
static unsigned int n_controllers;
static CgControllerEntry **controllers;
static char *cg_yard;
static struct cg_set *root_cgset; /* Set root item lives in */
static struct cg_set *criu_cgset; /* Set criu process lives in */
static u32 cg_set_ids = 1;

static LIST_HEAD(cgroups);
static unsigned int n_cgroups;

static CgSetEntry *find_rst_set_by_id(u32 id)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < n_sets; i++)
		if (rst_sets[i]->id == id)
			return rst_sets[i];

	return NULL;
}

#define CGCMP_MATCH	1	/* check for exact match */
#define CGCMP_ISSUB	2	/* check set is subset of ctls */

static bool cg_set_compare(struct cg_set *set, struct list_head *ctls, int what)
{
	struct list_head *l1 = &set->ctls, *l2 = ctls;

	while (1) {
		struct cg_ctl *c1 = NULL, *c2 = NULL;

		if (l1->next != &set->ctls)
			c1 = list_first_entry(l1, struct cg_ctl, l);
		if (l2->next != ctls)
			c2 = list_first_entry(l2, struct cg_ctl, l);

		if (!c1 || !c2) /* Nowhere to move next */
			return !c1 && !c2; /* Both lists scanned -- match */

		if (strcmp(c1->name, c2->name))
			return false;

		switch (what) {
		case CGCMP_MATCH:
			/* must have the same cgns prefix to be considered equal */
			if (c1->cgns_prefix != c2->cgns_prefix)
				return false;

			if (strcmp(c1->path, c2->path))
				return false;

			break;
		case CGCMP_ISSUB:
			if (!strstartswith(c1->path, c2->path))
				return false;

			break;
		}

		l1 = l1->next;
		l2 = l2->next;
	}
}

static int collect_cgroups(struct list_head *ctls);

static struct cg_set *get_cg_set(struct list_head *ctls, unsigned int n_ctls, bool collect)
{
	struct cg_set *cs;

	list_for_each_entry(cs, &cg_sets, l)
		if (cg_set_compare(cs, ctls, CGCMP_MATCH)) {
			pr_debug(" `- Existing css %d found\n", cs->id);
			put_ctls(ctls);
			return cs;
		}

	pr_debug(" `- New css ID %d\n", cg_set_ids);
	cs = xmalloc(sizeof(*cs));
	if (cs) {
		cs->id = cg_set_ids++;
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&cs->ctls);
		list_splice_init(ctls, &cs->ctls);
		cs->n_ctls = n_ctls;
		list_add_tail(&cs->l, &cg_sets);
		n_sets++;

		if (!pr_quelled(LOG_DEBUG)) {
			struct cg_ctl *ctl;

			list_for_each_entry(ctl, &cs->ctls, l)
				pr_debug("    `- [%s] -> [%s] [%u]\n", ctl->name, ctl->path, ctl->cgns_prefix);
		}

		if (collect && collect_cgroups(&cs->ctls)) {
			list_del(&cs->l);
			n_sets--;
			put_ctls(&cs->ctls);
			xfree(cs);
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	return cs;
}

struct cg_controller *new_controller(const char *name)
{
	struct cg_controller *nc = xmalloc(sizeof(*nc));
	if (!nc)
		return NULL;

	nc->controllers = xmalloc(sizeof(char *));
	if (!nc->controllers) {
		xfree(nc);
		return NULL;
	}

	nc->controllers[0] = xstrdup(name);
	if (!nc->controllers[0]) {
		xfree(nc->controllers);
		xfree(nc);
		return NULL;
	}

	nc->n_controllers = 1;

	nc->n_heads = 0;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&nc->heads);

	return nc;
}

int parse_cg_info(void)
{
	if (collect_controllers(&cgroups, &n_cgroups) < 0)
		return -1;

	return 0;
}

/* Check that co-mounted controllers from /proc/cgroups (e.g. cpu and cpuacct)
 * are contained in a comma separated string (e.g. from /proc/self/cgroup or
 * mount options). */
static bool cgroup_contains(char **controllers, unsigned int n_controllers, char *name)
{
	unsigned int i;
	bool all_match = true;
	for (i = 0; i < n_controllers; i++) {
		bool found = false;
		const char *loc = name;
		do {
			loc = strstr(loc, controllers[i]);
			if (loc) {
				loc += strlen(controllers[i]);
				switch (*loc) {
				case '\0':
				case ',':
					found = true;
					break;
				}
			}
		} while (loc);
		all_match &= found;
	}

	return all_match && n_controllers > 0;
}

/* This is for use in add_cgroup() as additional arguments for the ftw()
 * callback */
static struct cg_controller	*current_controller;
static unsigned int		path_pref_len;

#define EXACT_MATCH	0
#define PARENT_MATCH	1
#define NO_MATCH	2

static int find_dir(const char *path, struct list_head *dirs, struct cgroup_dir **rdir)
{
	struct cgroup_dir *d;
	list_for_each_entry(d, dirs, siblings) {
		if (strcmp(d->path, path) == 0) {
			*rdir = d;
			return EXACT_MATCH;
		}

		if (strstartswith(path, d->path)) {
			int ret = find_dir(path, &d->children, rdir);
			if (ret == NO_MATCH) {
				*rdir = d;
				return PARENT_MATCH;
			}
			return ret;

		}
	}

	return NO_MATCH;
}

/*
 * Strips trailing '\n' from the string
 */
static inline char *strip(char *str)
{
	char *e;

	e = strchr(str, '\0');
	if (e != str && *(e - 1) == '\n')
		*(e - 1) = '\0';

	return str;
}

/*
 * Currently this function only supports properties that have a string value
 * under 1024 chars.
 */
static int read_cgroup_prop(struct cgroup_prop *property, const char *fullpath)
{
	char buf[1024];
	int fd, ret;
	struct stat sb;

	fd = open(fullpath, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
		property->value = NULL;
		pr_perror("Failed opening %s", fullpath);
		return -1;
	}

	if (fstat(fd, &sb) < 0) {
		pr_perror("failed statting cgroup prop %s", fullpath);
		close(fd);
		return -1;
	}

	property->mode = sb.st_mode;
	property->uid = sb.st_uid;
	property->gid = sb.st_gid;

	/* skip dumping the value of these, since it doesn't make sense (we
	 * just want to restore the perms) */
	if (!strcmp(property->name, "cgroup.procs") || !strcmp(property->name, "tasks")) {
		ret = 0;
		/* libprotobuf segfaults if we leave a null pointer in a
		 * string, so let's not do that */
		property->value = xstrdup("");
		if (!property->value)
			ret = -1;

		close(fd);
		return ret;
	}

	ret = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
	if (ret == -1) {
		pr_err("Failed scanning %s\n", fullpath);
		close(fd);
		return -1;
	}
	close(fd);

	buf[ret] = 0;

	if (strtoll(buf, NULL, 10) == LLONG_MAX)
		strcpy(buf, "-1");

	property->value = xstrdup(strip(buf));
	if (!property->value)
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

static struct cgroup_prop *create_cgroup_prop(const char *name)
{
	struct cgroup_prop *property;

	property = xmalloc(sizeof(*property));
	if (!property)
		return NULL;

	property->name = xstrdup(name);
	if (!property->name) {
		xfree(property);
		return NULL;
	}

	property->value = NULL;
	return property;
}

static void free_cgroup_prop(struct cgroup_prop *prop)
{
	xfree(prop->name);
	xfree(prop->value);
	xfree(prop);
}

static void free_all_cgroup_props(struct cgroup_dir *ncd)
{
	struct cgroup_prop *prop, *t;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(prop, t, &ncd->properties, list) {
		list_del(&prop->list);
		free_cgroup_prop(prop);
	}

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ncd->properties);
	ncd->n_properties = 0;
}

static int dump_cg_props_array(const char *fpath, struct cgroup_dir *ncd, const cgp_t *cgp)
{
	int j;
	char buf[PATH_MAX];
	struct cgroup_prop *prop;

	for (j = 0; cgp && j < cgp->nr_props; j++) {
		if (snprintf(buf, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", fpath, cgp->props[j]) >= PATH_MAX) {
			pr_err("snprintf output was truncated\n");
			return -1;
		}

		if (access(buf, F_OK) < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
			pr_info("Couldn't open %s. This cgroup property may not exist on this kernel\n", buf);
			continue;
		}

		prop = create_cgroup_prop(cgp->props[j]);
		if (!prop) {
			free_all_cgroup_props(ncd);
			return -1;
		}

		if (read_cgroup_prop(prop, buf) < 0) {
			free_cgroup_prop(prop);
			free_all_cgroup_props(ncd);
			return -1;
		}

		if (!strcmp("memory.oom_control", cgp->props[j])) {
			char *new;
			int disable;

			if (sscanf(prop->value, "oom_kill_disable %d\n", &disable) != 1) {
				pr_err("couldn't scan oom state from %s\n", prop->value);
				free_cgroup_prop(prop);
				free_all_cgroup_props(ncd);
				return -1;
			}

			if (asprintf(&new, "%d", disable) < 0) {
				pr_err("couldn't aloocate new oom value\n");
				free_cgroup_prop(prop);
				free_all_cgroup_props(ncd);
				return -1;
			}

			xfree(prop->value);
			prop->value = new;
		}

		pr_info("Dumping value %s from %s/%s\n", prop->value, fpath, prop->name);
		list_add_tail(&prop->list, &ncd->properties);
		ncd->n_properties++;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int add_cgroup_properties(const char *fpath, struct cgroup_dir *ncd,
				 struct cg_controller *controller)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < controller->n_controllers; ++i) {
		const cgp_t *cgp = cgp_get_props(controller->controllers[i]);

		if (dump_cg_props_array(fpath, ncd, cgp) < 0) {
			pr_err("dumping known properties failed");
			return -1;
		}

		if (dump_cg_props_array(fpath, ncd, &cgp_global) < 0) {
			pr_err("dumping global properties failed");
			return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int add_cgroup(const char *fpath, const struct stat *sb, int typeflag)
{
	struct cgroup_dir *ncd = NULL, *match;
	int exit_code = -1;

	if (typeflag == FTW_D) {
		int mtype;

		pr_info("adding cgroup %s\n", fpath);

		ncd = xmalloc(sizeof(*ncd));
		if (!ncd)
			goto out;

		ncd->mode = sb->st_mode;
		ncd->uid = sb->st_uid;
		ncd->gid = sb->st_gid;

		/* chop off the first "/proc/self/fd/N" str */
		if (fpath[path_pref_len] == '\0')
			ncd->path = xstrdup("/");
		else
			ncd->path = xstrdup(fpath + path_pref_len);

		if (!ncd->path)
			goto out;

		mtype = find_dir(ncd->path, &current_controller->heads, &match);

		switch (mtype) {
		/* ignore co-mounted cgroups and already dumped cgroups */
		case EXACT_MATCH:
			exit_code = 0;
			goto out;
		case PARENT_MATCH:
			list_add_tail(&ncd->siblings, &match->children);
			match->n_children++;
			break;
		case NO_MATCH:
			list_add_tail(&ncd->siblings, &current_controller->heads);
			current_controller->n_heads++;
			break;
		default:
			BUG();
		}

		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ncd->children);
		ncd->n_children = 0;

		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ncd->properties);
		ncd->n_properties = 0;
		if (add_cgroup_properties(fpath, ncd, current_controller) < 0) {
			list_del(&ncd->siblings);
			if (mtype == PARENT_MATCH)
				match->n_children--;
			else if (mtype == NO_MATCH)
				current_controller->n_heads--;
			goto out;
		}
	}

	return 0;

out:
	if (ncd)
		xfree(ncd->path);
	xfree(ncd);
	return exit_code;
}

static int add_freezer_state(struct cg_controller *controller)
{
	struct cgroup_dir *it;

	 /* There is one more case, that cgroup namespaces might
	  * generate "multiple" heads if nothing is actually in the
	  * root freezer cgroup, e.g. --freeze-cgroup=/lxc/foo and all
	  * tasks in either /lxc/foo/a or /lxc/foo/b.
	  *
	  * In this case
	  */
	list_for_each_entry(it, &controller->heads, siblings) {
		struct cgroup_dir *cg_head;
		struct cgroup_prop *prop;

		cg_head = list_first_entry(&controller->heads, struct cgroup_dir, siblings);

		prop = create_cgroup_prop("freezer.state");
		if (!prop)
			return -1;
		prop->value = xstrdup(get_real_freezer_state());
		if (!prop->value) {
			free_cgroup_prop(prop);
			return -1;
		}

		list_add_tail(&prop->list, &cg_head->properties);
		cg_head->n_properties++;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int collect_cgroups(struct list_head *ctls)
{
	struct cg_ctl *cc;
	int ret = 0;
	int fd = -1;

	list_for_each_entry(cc, ctls, l) {
		char path[PATH_MAX], mopts[1024];
		char prefix[] = ".criu.cgmounts.XXXXXX";
		struct cg_controller *cg;

		current_controller = NULL;

		/* We should get all the "real" (i.e. not name=systemd type)
		 * controller from parse_cgroups(), so find that controller if
		 * it exists. */
		list_for_each_entry(cg, &cgroups, l) {
			if (cgroup_contains(cg->controllers, cg->n_controllers, cc->name)) {
				current_controller = cg;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (!current_controller) {
			/* only allow "fake" controllers to be created this way */
			if (!strstartswith(cc->name, "name=")) {
				pr_err("controller %s not found\n", cc->name);
				return -1;
			} else {
				struct cg_controller *nc = new_controller(cc->name);
				list_add_tail(&nc->l, &cg->l);
				n_cgroups++;
				current_controller = nc;
			}
		}

		if (!opts.manage_cgroups)
			continue;

		if (strstartswith(cc->name, "name="))
			snprintf(mopts, sizeof(mopts), "none,%s", cc->name);
		else
			snprintf(mopts, sizeof(mopts), "%s", cc->name);

		if (mkdtemp(prefix) == NULL) {
			pr_perror("can't make dir for cg mounts");
			return -1;
		}

		if (mount("none", prefix, "cgroup", 0, mopts) < 0) {
			pr_perror("couldn't mount %s", mopts);
			rmdir(prefix);
			return -1;
		}

		fd = open_detach_mount(prefix);
		if (fd < 0)
			return -1;

		path_pref_len = snprintf(path, PATH_MAX, "/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
		snprintf(path + path_pref_len, PATH_MAX - path_pref_len, "%s", cc->path);

		ret = ftw(path, add_cgroup, 4);
		if (ret < 0)
			pr_perror("failed walking %s for empty cgroups", path);

		close_safe(&fd);

		if (ret < 0)
			return ret;

		if (opts.freeze_cgroup && !strcmp(cc->name, "freezer") &&
				add_freezer_state(current_controller))
			return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int dump_task_cgroup(struct pstree_item *item, u32 *cg_id, struct parasite_dump_cgroup_args *args)
{
	int pid;
	LIST_HEAD(ctls);
	unsigned int n_ctls = 0;
	struct cg_set *cs;

	if (item)
		pid = item->pid.real;
	else
		pid = getpid();

	pr_info("Dumping cgroups for %d\n", pid);
	if (parse_task_cgroup(pid, args, &ctls, &n_ctls))
		return -1;

	cs = get_cg_set(&ctls, n_ctls, item);
	if (!cs)
		return -1;

	if (!item) {
		BUG_ON(criu_cgset);
		criu_cgset = cs;
		pr_info("Set %d is criu one\n", cs->id);
	} else {
		if (item == root_item) {
			BUG_ON(root_cgset);
			root_cgset = cs;
			pr_info("Set %d is root one\n", cs->id);
		} else {
			struct cg_ctl *root, *stray;

			BUG_ON(!root_cgset);
			pr_info("Set %d is a stray\n", cs->id);

			/* Copy the cgns prefix from the root cgset for each
			 * controller. This is ok because we know that there is
			 * only one cgroup namespace.
			 */
			list_for_each_entry(root, &root_cgset->ctls, l) {
				list_for_each_entry(stray, &cs->ctls, l) {
					if (strcmp(root->name, stray->name))
						continue;

					if (strlen(stray->path) < root->cgns_prefix) {
						pr_err("cg %s shorter than path prefix %d?\n", stray->path, root->cgns_prefix);
						return -1;
					}

					stray->cgns_prefix = root->cgns_prefix;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	*cg_id = cs->id;
	return 0;
}

static int dump_cg_dir_props(struct list_head *props, size_t n_props,
			     CgroupPropEntry ***ents)
{
	struct cgroup_prop *prop_cur;
	CgroupPropEntry *cpe;
	void *m;
	int i = 0;

	m = xmalloc(n_props * (sizeof(CgroupPropEntry *) + sizeof(CgroupPropEntry)));
	*ents = m;
	if (!m)
		return -1;

	cpe = m + n_props * sizeof(CgroupPropEntry *);

	list_for_each_entry(prop_cur, props, list) {
		cgroup_prop_entry__init(cpe);

		cpe->perms = xmalloc(sizeof(*cpe->perms));
		if (!cpe->perms)
			goto error;
		cgroup_perms__init(cpe->perms);

		cpe->name = xstrdup(prop_cur->name);
		cpe->value = xstrdup(prop_cur->value);
		if (!cpe->name || !cpe->value)
			goto error;
		cpe->perms->mode = prop_cur->mode;
		cpe->perms->uid = prop_cur->uid;
		cpe->perms->gid = prop_cur->gid;

		(*ents)[i++] = cpe++;
	}

	return 0;

error:
	while (i >= 0) {
		xfree(cpe->name);
		xfree(cpe->value);
		--cpe;
		--i;
	}

	xfree(*ents);
	return -1;
}

static int dump_cg_dirs(struct list_head *dirs, size_t n_dirs, CgroupDirEntry ***ents, int poff)
{
	struct cgroup_dir *cur;
	CgroupDirEntry *cde;
	void *m;
	int i = 0;

	m = xmalloc(n_dirs * (sizeof(CgroupDirEntry *) + sizeof(CgroupDirEntry)));
	*ents = m;
	if (!m)
		return -1;

	cde = m + n_dirs * sizeof(CgroupDirEntry *);

	list_for_each_entry(cur, dirs, siblings) {
		cgroup_dir_entry__init(cde);

		cde->dir_perms = xmalloc(sizeof(*cde->dir_perms));
		if (!cde->dir_perms)
			return -1;
		cgroup_perms__init(cde->dir_perms);

		cde->dir_perms->mode = cur->mode;
		cde->dir_perms->uid = cur->uid;
		cde->dir_perms->gid = cur->gid;

		cde->dir_name = cur->path + poff;
		if (poff != 1) /* parent isn't "/" */
			cde->dir_name++; /* leading / */
		cde->n_children = cur->n_children;
		if (cur->n_children > 0)
			if (dump_cg_dirs(&cur->children, cur->n_children, &cde->children, strlen(cur->path)) < 0) {
				xfree(*ents);
				return -1;
			}

		cde->n_properties = cur->n_properties;
		if (cde->n_properties > 0) {
			if (dump_cg_dir_props(&cur->properties,
					      cde->n_properties, &cde->properties) < 0) {
				xfree(*ents);
				return -1;
			}
		}

		(*ents)[i++] = cde++;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int dump_controllers(CgroupEntry *cg)
{
	struct cg_controller *cur;
	CgControllerEntry *ce;
	void *m;
	int i;

	cg->n_controllers = n_cgroups;
	m = xmalloc(n_cgroups * (sizeof(CgControllerEntry *) + sizeof(CgControllerEntry)));
	cg->controllers = m;
	ce = m + cg->n_controllers * sizeof(CgControllerEntry *);
	if (!m)
		return -1;

	i = 0;
	list_for_each_entry(cur, &cgroups, l) {
		cg_controller_entry__init(ce);

		ce->cnames = cur->controllers;
		ce->n_cnames = cur->n_controllers;
		ce->n_dirs = cur->n_heads;
		if (ce->n_dirs > 0)
			if (dump_cg_dirs(&cur->heads, cur->n_heads, &ce->dirs, 0) < 0) {
				xfree(cg->controllers);
				return -1;
			}
		cg->controllers[i++] = ce++;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void free_sets(CgroupEntry *cg, unsigned nr)
{
	unsigned i;

	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
		xfree(cg->sets[i]->ctls);
	xfree(cg->sets);
}


static int dump_sets(CgroupEntry *cg)
{
	struct cg_set *set;
	struct cg_ctl *ctl;
	unsigned s, c;
	void *m;
	CgSetEntry *se;
	CgMemberEntry *ce;

	pr_info("Dumping %d sets\n", n_sets - 1);

	cg->n_sets = n_sets - 1;
	m = xmalloc(cg->n_sets * (sizeof(CgSetEntry *) + sizeof(CgSetEntry)));
	cg->sets = m;
	se = m + cg->n_sets * sizeof(CgSetEntry *);
	if (!m)
		return -1;

	s = 0;
	list_for_each_entry(set, &cg_sets, l) {
		if (set == criu_cgset)
			continue;

		/*
		 * Now encode them onto the image entry
		 */

		cg_set_entry__init(se);
		se->id = set->id;

		se->n_ctls = set->n_ctls;
		m = xmalloc(se->n_ctls * (sizeof(CgMemberEntry *) + sizeof(CgMemberEntry)));
		se->ctls = m;
		ce = m + se->n_ctls * sizeof(CgMemberEntry *);
		if (!m) {
			free_sets(cg, s);
			return -1;
		}

		c = 0;
		list_for_each_entry(ctl, &set->ctls, l) {
			pr_info("   `- Dumping %s of %s\n", ctl->name, ctl->path);
			cg_member_entry__init(ce);
			ce->name = ctl->name;
			ce->path = ctl->path;
			if (ctl->cgns_prefix > 0) {
				ce->has_cgns_prefix = true;
				ce->cgns_prefix = ctl->cgns_prefix;
			}
			se->ctls[c++] = ce++;
		}

		cg->sets[s++] = se++;
	}

	return 0;
}

int dump_cgroups(void)
{
	CgroupEntry cg = CGROUP_ENTRY__INIT;
	int ret = -1;

	BUG_ON(!criu_cgset || !root_cgset);

	/*
	 * Check whether root task lives in its own set as compared
	 * to criu. If yes, we should not dump anything. Note that
	 * list_is_singular() is slightly wrong here: if the criu cgset has
	 * empty cgroups, those will not be restored on the target host, since
	 * we're not dumping anything here.
	 */

	if (root_cgset == criu_cgset && list_is_singular(&cg_sets)) {
		pr_info("All tasks in criu's cgroups. Nothing to dump.\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (dump_sets(&cg))
		return -1;
	if (dump_controllers(&cg)) {
		goto err;
	}

	pr_info("Writing CG image\n");
	ret = pb_write_one(img_from_set(glob_imgset, CR_FD_CGROUP), &cg, PB_CGROUP);
err:
	free_sets(&cg, cg.n_sets);
	xfree(cg.controllers);
	return ret;
}

static int ctrl_dir_and_opt(CgControllerEntry *ctl, char *dir, int ds,
		char *opt, int os)
{
	int i, doff = 0, ooff = 0;
	bool none_opt = false;

	for (i = 0; i < ctl->n_cnames; i++) {
		char *n;

		n = ctl->cnames[i];
		if (strstartswith(n, "name=")) {
			n += 5;
			if (opt && !none_opt) {
				ooff += snprintf(opt + ooff, os - ooff, "none,");
				none_opt = true;
			}
		}

		doff += snprintf(dir + doff, ds - doff, "%s,", n);
		if (opt)
			ooff += snprintf(opt + ooff, os - ooff, "%s,", ctl->cnames[i]);
	}

	/* Chop the trailing ','-s */
	dir[--doff] = '\0';
	if (opt)
		opt[ooff - 1] = '\0';

	return doff;
}

/* Some properties cannot be restored after the cgroup has children or tasks in
 * it. We restore these properties as soon as the cgroup is created.
 */
static const char *special_props[] = {
	"cpuset.cpus",
	"cpuset.mems",
	"memory.kmem.limit_in_bytes",
	"memory.swappiness",
	"memory.use_hierarchy",
	NULL,
};

static int userns_move(void *arg, int fd, pid_t pid)
{
	char pidbuf[32];
	int cg, len, err;

	len = snprintf(pidbuf, sizeof(pidbuf), "%d", pid);

	if (len >= sizeof(pidbuf)) {
		pr_err("pid printing failed: %d\n", pid);
		return -1;
	}

	cg = get_service_fd(CGROUP_YARD);
	err = fd = openat(cg, arg, O_WRONLY);
	if (fd >= 0) {
		err = write(fd, pidbuf, len);
		close(fd);
	}

	if (err < 0) {
		pr_perror("Can't move %s into %s (%d/%d)", pidbuf, (char *)arg, err, fd);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int prepare_cgns(CgSetEntry *se)
{
	int i;
	bool do_unshare = false;

	for (i = 0; i < se->n_ctls; i++) {
		char aux[PATH_MAX];
		int j, aux_off;
		CgMemberEntry *ce = se->ctls[i];
		CgControllerEntry *ctrl = NULL;

		for (j = 0; j < n_controllers; j++) {
			CgControllerEntry *cur = controllers[j];
			if (cgroup_contains(cur->cnames, cur->n_cnames, ce->name)) {
				ctrl = cur;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (!ctrl) {
			pr_err("No cg_controller_entry found for %s/%s\n", ce->name, ce->path);
			return -1;
		}

		aux_off = ctrl_dir_and_opt(ctrl, aux, sizeof(aux), NULL, 0);

		/* We need to do an unshare() here as unshare() pins the root
		 * of the cgroup namespace to whatever the current cgroups are.
		 * For example, consider a task in a cgroup (according to the
		 * host):
		 *
		 * /unsprefix/insidecontainer
		 *
		 * If the task first moved itself into /unsprefix, then did unshare(),
		 * when the task examines its own /proc/self/cgroup file it will see /,
		 * but to the host it is really in /unsprefix. Then if it further enters
		 * /insidecontainer here, the full host path will be
		 * /unsprefix/insidecontianer. There is no way to say "set the cgroup
		 * namespace boundary at /unsprefix" without first entering that, doing
		 * the unshare, and then entering the rest of the path.
		 */
		if (ce->has_cgns_prefix) {
			char tmp = ce->path[ce->cgns_prefix];
			ce->path[ce->cgns_prefix] = '\0';

			pr_info("setting cgns prefix to %s\n", ce->path);
			snprintf(aux + aux_off, sizeof(aux) - aux_off, "/%s/tasks", ce->path);
			ce->path[ce->cgns_prefix] = tmp;
			if (userns_call(userns_move, 0, aux, strlen(aux) + 1, -1) < 0) {
				pr_perror("couldn't set cgns prefix %s", aux);
				return -1;
			}

			do_unshare = true;
		}

	}

	if (do_unshare && unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP) < 0) {
		pr_perror("couldn't unshare cgns");
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int move_in_cgroup(CgSetEntry *se, bool setup_cgns)
{
	int i;

	pr_info("Move into %d\n", se->id);

	if (setup_cgns && prepare_cgns(se) < 0) {
		pr_err("failed preparing cgns");
		return -1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < se->n_ctls; i++) {
		char aux[PATH_MAX];
		int fd = -1, err, j, aux_off;
		CgMemberEntry *ce = se->ctls[i];
		CgControllerEntry *ctrl = NULL;

		for (j = 0; j < n_controllers; j++) {
			CgControllerEntry *cur = controllers[j];
			if (cgroup_contains(cur->cnames, cur->n_cnames, ce->name)) {
				ctrl = cur;
				break;
			}
		}

		if (!ctrl) {
			pr_err("No cg_controller_entry found for %s/%s\n", ce->name, ce->path);
			return -1;
		}

		aux_off = ctrl_dir_and_opt(ctrl, aux, sizeof(aux), NULL, 0);

		/* Note that unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP) doesn't change the view
		 * of previously mounted cgroupfses; since we're restoring via
		 * a dirfd pointing to the cg yard set up by when criu was in
		 * the root cgns, we still want to use the full path here when
		 * we move into the cgroup.
		 */
		snprintf(aux + aux_off, sizeof(aux) - aux_off, "/%s/tasks", ce->path);
		pr_debug("  `-> %s\n", aux);
		err = userns_call(userns_move, 0, aux, strlen(aux) + 1, -1);
		if (err < 0) {
			pr_perror("Can't move into %s (%d/%d)", aux, err, fd);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

int prepare_task_cgroup(struct pstree_item *me)
{
	CgSetEntry *se;
	u32 current_cgset;

	if (!rsti(me)->cg_set)
		return 0;

	if (me->parent)
		current_cgset = rsti(me->parent)->cg_set;
	else
		current_cgset = root_cg_set;

	if (rsti(me)->cg_set == current_cgset) {
		pr_info("Cgroups %d inherited from parent\n", current_cgset);
		return 0;
	}

	se = find_rst_set_by_id(rsti(me)->cg_set);
	if (!se) {
		pr_err("No set %d found\n", rsti(me)->cg_set);
		return -1;
	}

	/* Since don't support nesting of cgroup namespaces, let's only set up
	 * the cgns (if it exists) in the init task. In the future, we should
	 * just check that the cgns prefix string matches for all the entries
	 * in the cgset, and only unshare if that's true.
	 */

	return move_in_cgroup(se, !me->parent);
}

void fini_cgroup(void)
{
	if (!cg_yard)
		return;

	close_service_fd(CGROUP_YARD);
	umount2(cg_yard, MNT_DETACH);
	rmdir(cg_yard);
	xfree(cg_yard);
	cg_yard = NULL;
}

static int restore_perms(int fd, const char *path, CgroupPerms *perms)
{
	struct stat sb;

	if (perms) {
		if (fstat(fd, &sb) < 0) {
			pr_perror("stat of property %s failed", path);
			return -1;
		}

		/* only chmod/chown if the perms are actually different: we aren't
		 * allowed to chmod some cgroup props (e.g. the read only ones), so we
		 * don't want to try if the perms already match.
		 */
		if (sb.st_mode != (mode_t) perms->mode && fchmod(fd, perms->mode) < 0) {
			pr_perror("chmod of %s failed", path);
			return -1;
		}

		if ((sb.st_uid != perms->uid || sb.st_gid != perms->gid) &&
		    fchown(fd, perms->uid, perms->gid)) {
			pr_perror("chown of %s failed", path);
			return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int restore_cgroup_prop(const CgroupPropEntry * cg_prop_entry_p,
			       char *path, int off)
{
	int cg, fd, len, ret = -1;
	CgroupPerms *perms = cg_prop_entry_p->perms;

	if (!cg_prop_entry_p->value) {
		pr_err("cg_prop_entry->value was empty when should have had a value\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if (snprintf(path + off, PATH_MAX - off, "/%s", cg_prop_entry_p->name) >= PATH_MAX) {
		pr_err("snprintf output was truncated for %s\n", cg_prop_entry_p->name);
		return -1;
	}

	pr_info("Restoring cgroup property value [%s] to [%s]\n", cg_prop_entry_p->value, path);

	cg = get_service_fd(CGROUP_YARD);
	fd = openat(cg, path, O_WRONLY);
	if (fd < 0) {
		pr_perror("bad cgroup path: %s", path);
		return -1;
	}

	if (restore_perms(fd, path, perms) < 0)
		goto out;

	/* skip these two since restoring their values doesn't make sense */
	if (!strcmp(cg_prop_entry_p->name, "cgroup.procs") || !strcmp(cg_prop_entry_p->name, "tasks")) {
		ret = 0;
		goto out;
	}

	len = strlen(cg_prop_entry_p->value);
	if (write(fd, cg_prop_entry_p->value, len) != len) {
		pr_perror("Failed writing %s to %s", cg_prop_entry_p->value, path);
		goto out;
	}

	ret = 0;

out:
	if (close(fd) != 0)
		pr_perror("Failed closing %s", path);

	return ret;
}

static CgroupPropEntry *freezer_state_entry;
static char freezer_path[PATH_MAX];

int restore_freezer_state(void)
{
	size_t freezer_path_len;

	if (!freezer_state_entry)
		return 0;

	freezer_path_len = strlen(freezer_path);
	return restore_cgroup_prop(freezer_state_entry, freezer_path, freezer_path_len);
}

static void add_freezer_state_for_restore(CgroupPropEntry *entry, char *path, size_t path_len)
{
	BUG_ON(path_len >= sizeof(freezer_path));

	if (freezer_state_entry) {
		int max_len, i;

		max_len = strlen(freezer_path);
		if (max_len > path_len)
			max_len = path_len;

		/* If there are multiple freezer.state properties, that means they had
		 * one common path prefix with no tasks in it. Let's find that common
		 * prefix.
		 */
		for (i = 0; i < max_len; i++) {
			if (freezer_path[i] != path[i]) {
				freezer_path[i] = 0;
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	freezer_state_entry = entry;
	/* Path is not null terminated at path_len */
	strncpy(freezer_path, path, path_len);
	freezer_path[path_len] = 0;
}

static int next_device_entry(char *buf)
{
	char *pos = buf;

	while (1) {
		if (*pos == '\n') {
			*pos = '\0';
			pos++;
			break;
		} else if (*pos == '\0') {
			break;
		}

		pos++;
	}

	return pos - buf;
}

static int prepare_cgroup_dir_properties(char *path, int off, CgroupDirEntry **ents,
					 unsigned int n_ents)
{
	unsigned int i, j;

	for (i = 0; i < n_ents; i++) {
		CgroupDirEntry *e = ents[i];
		size_t off2 = off;

		if (strcmp(e->dir_name, "") == 0)
			goto skip; /* skip root cgroups */

		off2 += sprintf(path + off, "/%s", e->dir_name);
		if (e->n_properties > 0) {
			for (j = 0; j < e->n_properties; ++j) {
				int k;
				bool special = false;

				if (!strcmp(e->properties[j]->name, "freezer.state")) {
					add_freezer_state_for_restore(e->properties[j], path, off2);
					continue; /* skip restore now */
				}

				/* Skip restoring special cpuset props now.
				 * They were restored earlier, and can cause
				 * the restore to fail if some other task has
				 * entered the cgroup.
				 */
				for (k = 0; special_props[k]; k++) {
					if (!strcmp(e->properties[j]->name, special_props[k])) {
						special = true;
						break;
					}
				}

				if (special)
					continue;

				/* The devices cgroup must be restored in a
				 * special way: only the contents of
				 * devices.list can be read, and it is a
				 * whitelist of all the devices the cgroup is
				 * allowed to create. To re-creat this
				 * whitelist, we first deny everything via
				 * devices.deny, and then write the list back
				 * into devices.allow.
				 *
				 * Further, we must have a write() call for
				 * each line, because the kernel only parses
				 * the first line of any write().
				 */
				if (!strcmp(e->properties[j]->name, "devices.list")) {
					CgroupPropEntry *pe = e->properties[j];
					char *old_val = pe->value, *old_name = pe->name;
					int ret;
					char *pos;

					/* A bit of a fudge here. These are
					 * write only by owner by default, but
					 * the container engine could have
					 * changed the perms. We should come up
					 * with a better way to restore all of
					 * this stuff.
					 */
					pe->perms->mode = 0200;

					pe->name = "devices.deny";
					pe->value = "a";
					ret = restore_cgroup_prop(e->properties[j], path, off2);
					pe->name = old_name;
					pe->value = old_val;

					if (ret < 0)
						return -1;

					pe->name = xstrdup("devices.allow");
					if (!pe->name) {
						pe->name = old_name;
						return -1;
					}
					xfree(old_name);

					pos = pe->value;
					while (*pos) {
						int offset = next_device_entry(pos);
						pe->value = pos;
						ret = restore_cgroup_prop(pe, path, off2);
						if (ret < 0) {
							pe->value = old_val;
							return -1;
						}
						pos += offset;
					}
					pe->value = old_val;

				} else if (restore_cgroup_prop(e->properties[j], path, off2) < 0) {
					return -1;
				}

			}
		}
skip:
		if (prepare_cgroup_dir_properties(path, off2, e->children, e->n_children) < 0)
			return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int prepare_cgroup_properties(void)
{
	char cname_path[PATH_MAX];
	unsigned int i, off;

	for (i = 0; i < n_controllers; i++) {
		CgControllerEntry *c = controllers[i];

		if (c->n_cnames < 1) {
			pr_err("Each CgControllerEntry should have at least 1 cname\n");
			return -1;
		}

		off = ctrl_dir_and_opt(c, cname_path, sizeof(cname_path), NULL, 0);
		if (prepare_cgroup_dir_properties(cname_path, off, c->dirs, c->n_dirs) < 0)
			return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int restore_special_props(char *paux, size_t off, CgroupDirEntry *e)
{
	int i, j;

	pr_info("Restore special props\n");

	for (i = 0; special_props[i]; i++) {
		const char *name = special_props[i];

		for (j = 0; j < e->n_properties; j++) {
			CgroupPropEntry *prop = e->properties[j];

			if (strcmp(name, prop->name) == 0) {
				/* XXX: we can drop this hack and make
				 * memory.swappiness a regular property when we
				 * drop support for kernels < 3.16. See 3dae7fec5.
				 */
				if (!strcmp(prop->name, "memory.swappiness") &&
						!strcmp(prop->value, "60")) {
					continue;
				} else if (restore_cgroup_prop(prop, paux, off) < 0) {
					return -1;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int prepare_dir_perms(int cg, char *path, CgroupPerms *perms)
{
	int fd, ret;

	fd = openat(cg, path, O_DIRECTORY);
	if (fd < 0) {
		pr_perror("failed to open cg dir fd (%s) for chowning", path);
		return -1;
	}

	ret = restore_perms(fd, path, perms);
	close(fd);
	return ret;
}

static int prepare_cgroup_dirs(char **controllers, int n_controllers, char *paux, size_t off,
				CgroupDirEntry **ents, size_t n_ents)
{
	size_t i, j;
	CgroupDirEntry *e;
	int cg = get_service_fd(CGROUP_YARD);

	for (i = 0; i < n_ents; i++) {
		size_t off2 = off;
		e = ents[i];

		off2 += sprintf(paux + off, "/%s", e->dir_name);

		if (faccessat(cg, paux, F_OK, 0) < 0) {
			if (errno != ENOENT) {
				pr_perror("Failed accessing cgroup dir %s", paux);
				return -1;
			}

			if (opts.manage_cgroups & (CG_MODE_NONE | CG_MODE_PROPS)) {
				pr_err("Cgroup dir %s doesn't exist\n", paux);
				return -1;
			}

			if (mkdirpat(cg, paux)) {
				pr_perror("Can't make cgroup dir %s", paux);
				return -1;
			}
			pr_info("Created cgroup dir %s\n", paux);

			if (prepare_dir_perms(cg, paux, e->dir_perms) < 0)
				return -1;

			for (j = 0; j < n_controllers; j++) {
				if (!strcmp(controllers[j], "cpuset") || !strcmp(controllers[j], "memory")) {
					if (restore_special_props(paux, off2, e) < 0) {
						pr_err("Restoring special cpuset props failed!\n");
						return -1;
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			pr_info("Determined cgroup dir %s already exist\n", paux);

			if (opts.manage_cgroups & CG_MODE_STRICT) {
				pr_err("Abort restore of existing cgroups\n");
				return -1;
			}

			if (opts.manage_cgroups & (CG_MODE_SOFT | CG_MODE_NONE)) {
				pr_info("Skip restoring properties on cgroup dir %s\n", paux);
				if (e->n_properties > 0) {
					xfree(e->properties);
					e->properties = NULL;
					e->n_properties = 0;
				}
			}

			if (!(opts.manage_cgroups & CG_MODE_NONE) &&
			    prepare_dir_perms(cg, paux, e->dir_perms) < 0)
				return -1;
		}

		if (prepare_cgroup_dirs(controllers, n_controllers, paux, off2,
				e->children, e->n_children) < 0)
			return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Prepare the CGROUP_YARD service descriptor. This guy is
 * tmpfs mount with the set of ctl->name directories each
 * one having the respective cgroup mounted.
 *
 * It's required for two reasons.
 *
 * First, if we move more than one task into cgroups it's
 * faster to have cgroup tree visible by them all in sime
 * single place. Searching for this thing existing in the
 * criu's space is not nice, as parsing /proc/mounts is not
 * very fast, other than this not all cgroups may be mounted.
 *
 * Second, when we have user-namespaces support we will
 * loose the ability to mount cgroups on-demand, so prepare
 * them in advance.
 */

static int prepare_cgroup_sfd(CgroupEntry *ce)
{
	int off, i, ret;
	char paux[PATH_MAX];

	if (!opts.manage_cgroups)
		return 0;

	pr_info("Preparing cgroups yard (cgroups restore mode %#x)\n",
		opts.manage_cgroups);

	off = sprintf(paux, ".criu.cgyard.XXXXXX");
	if (mkdtemp(paux) == NULL) {
		pr_perror("Can't make temp cgyard dir");
		return -1;
	}

	cg_yard = xstrdup(paux);
	if (!cg_yard) {
		rmdir(paux);
		return -1;
	}

	if (make_yard(cg_yard))
		goto err;

	pr_debug("Opening %s as cg yard\n", cg_yard);
	i = open(cg_yard, O_DIRECTORY);
	if (i < 0) {
		pr_perror("Can't open cgyard");
		goto err;
	}

	ret = install_service_fd(CGROUP_YARD, i);
	close(i);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto err;

	paux[off++] = '/';

	for (i = 0; i < ce->n_controllers; i++) {
		int ctl_off = off, yard_off;
		char opt[128], *yard;
		CgControllerEntry *ctrl = ce->controllers[i];

		if (ctrl->n_cnames < 1) {
			pr_err("Each cg_controller_entry must have at least 1 controller\n");
			goto err;
		}

		ctl_off += ctrl_dir_and_opt(ctrl,
				paux + ctl_off, sizeof(paux) - ctl_off,
				opt, sizeof(opt));

		/* Create controller if not yet present */
		if (access(paux, F_OK)) {
			pr_debug("\tMaking controller dir %s (%s)\n", paux, opt);
			if (mkdir(paux, 0700)) {
				pr_perror("\tCan't make controller dir %s", paux);
				return -1;
			}
			if (mount("none", paux, "cgroup", 0, opt) < 0) {
				pr_perror("\tCan't mount controller dir %s", paux);
				return -1;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Finally handle all cgroups for this controller.
		 */
		yard = paux + strlen(cg_yard) + 1;
		yard_off = ctl_off - (strlen(cg_yard) + 1);
		if (opts.manage_cgroups &&
		    prepare_cgroup_dirs(ctrl->cnames, ctrl->n_cnames, yard, yard_off,
				ctrl->dirs, ctrl->n_dirs))
			goto err;
	}

	return 0;

err:
	fini_cgroup();
	return -1;
}

static int rewrite_cgsets(CgroupEntry *cge, char **controllers, int n_controllers,
			  char **dir_name, char *newroot)
{
	size_t dirlen = strlen(*dir_name);
	char *dir = *dir_name;
	char *dirnew = NULL;
	size_t i, j;

	/*
	 * For example we may have the following in the image:
	 *
	 * set
	 * 	name "hugetlb"
	 * 	path "/300"
	 *
	 * controller
	 * 	cnames hugetlb
	 * 	dirs
	 * 		dirname "300"
	 * 		properties ...
	 *
	 * when we're switching to a new root we need to change
	 * @path and don't forget to update the @dirname into
	 * new state.
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < cge->n_sets; i++) {
		CgSetEntry *set = cge->sets[i];

		for (j = 0; j < set->n_ctls; j++) {
			CgMemberEntry *cg = set->ctls[j];

			/*
			 * Make sure if it's same controller
			 * and its path with stripping leading
			 * "/" is matching to be renamed.
			 */
			if (!(cgroup_contains(controllers, n_controllers, cg->name) &&
					strstartswith(cg->path + 1, dir)))
				continue;

			if (cg->has_cgns_prefix && cg->cgns_prefix) {
				char *prev = cg->path;

				cg->path = xsprintf("%s%s", newroot, cg->path + cg->cgns_prefix);
				if (!cg->path) {
					cg->path = prev;
					return -ENOMEM;
				}
				xfree(prev);
				cg->cgns_prefix = strlen(newroot);

				if (!dirnew) {
					/* -1 because cgns_prefix includes leading "/" */
					dirnew = xsprintf("%s%s", newroot, dir + cg->cgns_prefix - 1);
					if (!dirnew)
						return -ENOMEM;
				}
			} else {
				char *prev = cg->path;
				/*
				 * If no prefix present simply rename the
				 * root but make sure the rest of path is
				 * untouched.
				 */
				cg->path = xsprintf("%s%s", newroot,
						    cg->path + dirlen + 1);
				if (!cg->path) {
					cg->path = prev;
					return -ENOMEM;
				}
				xfree(prev);
				if (!dirnew) {
					dirnew = xstrdup(newroot);
					if (!dirnew)
						return -ENOMEM;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	xfree(dir);
	*dir_name = dirnew;
	return 0;
}

static int rewrite_cgroup_roots(CgroupEntry *cge)
{
	int i, j;
	struct cg_root_opt *o;
	char *newroot = NULL;

	for (i = 0; i < cge->n_controllers; i++) {
		CgControllerEntry *ctrl = cge->controllers[i];
		newroot = opts.new_global_cg_root;

		list_for_each_entry(o, &opts.new_cgroup_roots, node) {
			if (cgroup_contains(ctrl->cnames, ctrl->n_cnames, o->controller)) {
				newroot = o->newroot;
				break;
			}

		}

		if (newroot) {
			for (j = 0; j < ctrl->n_dirs; j++) {
				CgroupDirEntry *cgde = ctrl->dirs[j];

				pr_info("rewriting %s to %s\n", cgde->dir_name, newroot);
				if (rewrite_cgsets(cge, ctrl->cnames, ctrl->n_cnames, &cgde->dir_name, newroot))
					return -1;
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

int prepare_cgroup(void)
{
	int ret;
	struct cr_img *img;
	CgroupEntry *ce;

	img = open_image(CR_FD_CGROUP, O_RSTR);
	if (!img)
		return -1;

	ret = pb_read_one_eof(img, &ce, PB_CGROUP);
	close_image(img);
	if (ret <= 0) /* Zero is OK -- no sets there. */
		return ret;

	if (rewrite_cgroup_roots(ce))
		return -1;

	n_sets = ce->n_sets;
	rst_sets = ce->sets;
	n_controllers = ce->n_controllers;
	controllers = ce->controllers;

	if (n_sets)
		/*
		 * We rely on the fact that all sets contain the same
		 * set of controllers. This is checked during dump
		 * with cg_set_compare(CGCMP_ISSUB) call.
		 */
		ret = prepare_cgroup_sfd(ce);
	else
		ret = 0;

	return ret;
}

int new_cg_root_add(char *controller, char *newroot)
{
	struct cg_root_opt *o;

	if (!controller) {
		opts.new_global_cg_root = newroot;
		return 0;
	}

	o = xmalloc(sizeof(*o));
	if (!o)
		return -1;

	o->controller = controller;
	o->newroot = newroot;
	list_add(&o->node, &opts.new_cgroup_roots);
	return 0;
}

struct ns_desc cgroup_ns_desc = NS_DESC_ENTRY(CLONE_NEWCGROUP, "cgroup");
